Vaccine helps against viral and bacterial infections
According to scientific research, dog vaccines are divided into two: there are core vaccines, which should be given to all dogs without exception, and additional vaccines, which are administered according to the animal's lifestyle and environment.
Core vaccines provide long-term and strong protection against life-threatening viral diseases such as distemper, parvovirus and infectious hepatitis, as well as rabies, which is also mandatory by law in Estonia. Among the additional vaccines, however, protection against kennel cough and leptospirosis is important. The latter is a dangerous bacterial disease that is mainly spread by rodents with their urine and that dogs easily pick up from puddles or water bodies. Since bacterial pathogens mutate and the immunity they produce is shorter, the leptospirosis vaccine, for example, needs to be repeated every year.
There are no vaccines against parasites.
Although science is advancing rapidly, effective vaccines against many parasites and protozoa have not yet been developed. The life cycle of parasites and their ability to hide in the animal's immune system are too complex for this.
In the case of external parasites, such as ticks and fleas, protection relies entirely on systemic control agents such as spot-ons, tablets or special collars. The active ingredients contained in them paralyze and kill the parasite before it can transmit Lyme disease or other pathogens to the pet. Similarly, there are no vaccines against internal parasites, such as roundworms, tapeworms and the protozoan Giardia, which is increasingly common in urban areas. Their prevention is based on regular anthelmintic prophylaxis, cleaning up feces and avoiding drinking from contaminated water bodies.
A well-thought-out protection plan ensures a carefree life
Veterinary research emphasizes that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to protecting your dog's health. A vaccination protocol and parasite control plan should always be discussed with your veterinarian, who will take into account your dog's age, exercise habits, and living environment. Only a systemic approach, where vaccines protect against serious viruses and medications protect against parasites, will ensure a long and fulfilling life for your dog.
From sources
The article is based on the WSAVA vaccination guidelines and the science-based recommendations of ESCCAP.
